Nail-machine



J. RUSSELL.

Making Cut Nails.

N0. 49,653,J Patented Aug. 29, 1865.

J5/afl N. PETERS, Pbotuumgmphv. waanmgmn, D. C.

4UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.

JACOB RUSSELL, or BROOKLYN, new YORK.'

NAIL-MACHINE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 49,653, dated August- 29, 1865.

To all whom it magy concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB RUSSELL, of the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Machine for Cutting and Heading Nails; and I doliereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the saine, reference being had to the accompanyin g drawings,formingpartof this specification, in which- Figure l is a plan of the machine, partly in section. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of the same, taken at right angles to the shafts. Fig, 3 is a sectional view at right angles to Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several gures.

This inventioii consists in the combination, in a machine for cutting and heading nails, oi' a pair of cutters having an oscillating motion about an axis perpendicular, or nearly so, with their cutting edges, a direct forward-feeding mechanism, and a pair' ot' reciprocating headers.

It also consists in a novel arrangement of revolving clamps-and revolving and reciprocating headers, the said clamps receiving the nail-blanks as they are out from the plate and holding them while the said headers operate upon them.

rIo enable others skilled in the art to make and use 1n yinvention,Iwill proceed to describe its construction and operation.

Upon a bed-plate, A, several standards are erected for the support of the dilferent parts of the machine. The standards B B support a table, C, and the cutter-frame with the cutters a a.

The cutter-frame consists of a horizontal circular base, D, which is fitted into a suitable bearing, 5, on the tab-le U, in which it is free to oscillate on avertcal axis. 'Io this circular base D, on the top of it, are firmly attached two vertical guides, E E, and a horizontallyprojecting arm, F, Figs. l and 3. The guides E E are connected at thel top by a cross-bar, FP, Figs. 2 and 3, through the center of which I fit a plunger, G. The base D has an opening, b, Fig. 2, in line with the guides E E, into which is inserted the lower cutter, c, securing it rmly to the base D. The upper cutter, c', Figs. 2 and 3, is iittedbetween the guidesEE,

V'-'.I"igs,.-2and-3,) and two headers, 'Il T.

and vattached tirinly to the plunger Gr, Figs. 2 and 3, in such a manner that when the cutter a moves downward the cutting-edges of both cutters will come in close contact, so as to out a plate of iron with a shear-like action.

rlhe standard H supports in proper bearings a lever, I, Fig. 2, to one endof which I ,conneet the plunger Cr by means of a swivel connecting-link K.

Back of the standard H, at right angles to thelever I, the main shaft L is placed, supported by suitable standards, M M. The said y,main shaft L has upon it two grooved double cams, N N. y

To the back end of the lever I a rod, 0, is attached, having on its lower end two prongs, c'c, said prongs passing between the two double cams N N, one prong on each side of the main shaft L. The ends of a pin, d, Fig. 2, passing through the lower part ot' the connecting-piece U, just above the prongs c c', lit into the grooves c e in the opposite inner faces oi" the double cams N N.

In front of the cutter-frame I place two feed- Vrolls Fi 2, one above andone below the face of the table C, supported in suitable bearings, g g, which bearings also act as guides for the nail-plate C2, (shown in red color,) to be fedi by the rolls ff. rIhe upper feed-roll,f, hasattached to one end of its shaft a ratchetwheel, h, and a pawl-lever, fi, with a pawl, lc.

From the pawl-lever t' a connecting-rod, l, passes to the main shalt L, where this connecting-rod l is forked, one prong passing below and one above the` main shaft L. The main shaft is here provided withadouble cam, P, and the connecting-rod lis provided with properprojections, m m', against which the double can] I? may worlr and cause the feedrollsff' to operate.

The horizontal arm F ofthe cutter-frame is connected by a rod, Q, with an eccentric, It, on the main shaft. This rod Q is provided with joints n n', so that itmay accommodate itself to the different positions it has to assume while it is giving the oscillating movement to the cutter-frame.

Directly under the opening Z in the base D of the cutter-frame there is arranged, in bearings in standards V V, a shaft, S, which carries two pairs of clamps, o o and o o', (see The surface s, Fig. 2, of a piece, U, held in a stationary position, and connected with a screw, t,

by which it can be adjusted so as to give more or less gripe to the clamps, according to the size of the nails intended to be held by them. The openingof the clamps is effected by springs g g', attached to the stocks p p and acting upon thel togglejoints.

The headersT T consist of sleeves, which are fitted to slidelengthwise upon the shaft S, and should be provided with steel dies 4 et on those parts of their ends Where the nails are headed, and' they are made to revolve with the shaft S by means of slots u in the sleeve and pins n fastened to the shaft S, Figs. l and 3. The outer ends of the sleeves or headers are provided with inclined projections w w, Figs. l and 3, and likewise lthe two standards V V, Figs. l and 3, have inclined projections :u as', by which means the headers, as they revolve, are moved lengthwise ot' the shaft S to pro-l duce the heading operation. The headers are drawn back again by means of springs y y', Fig. 3.

The ends of the shafts L and S are provided with gear-wheels W W', Figsrl and 2, and

, connected by an intermediate gear-wheel, X,

Figs. l and 2.

The main shaft L is provided with a larger geared whee],Y, Fig. l, which gears with a piulon, Z, on the drivingshaft z, which shat't z is provided with a tiywheel, Z', and pulleys Z2.

The operation is as follows: Power being applied to pulleys B2 will set the driving-shaft z in motion, and this will impart motion to the main shaft L by means ot' the pinion Z and the gear-Wheel Y. The main shaft L will impart motion to the shaft S, which carries the clamps o o and o' o and headers 'l T, by means of the gear-wheel NV, intermediate gearwheel, X, and gear-wheel W. Now, when the nail-plate C2, as shown in red ink, Figs. l and z, is placed upon the table C, between the feed-rolls fj", and brought forward to the cutter-edges, the feed-rolls being turned by the action upon the ratchet-wheel h of one of the cams P, Fig. 2, through the connecting-rod l, paWl-lever z', and pawl k, carrythe plate of iron U2 the width of a nail beyond the edge of the cutter a. Then the upper cutter, af', being operated by the cams N N through the connecting-piece O, the lever I, and connectinglink K, will come down and cut od' one nailblank from the plate C2. When the blank is cut olf it will drop through the opening b into one of the two pairs of clamps, where itwill beiirmly grasped and held, as shown in Fig. 3, by means of thetoggle-jointr coming in contact with the curved surface s, and while the clamps are thus holding the nail one ofthe headers T T will receive a sudden longitudinal impetus by means of the inclined projections w and and thus be made to strike the end of the nail and to form its head, after which the nail will be released from the clamp and allowed to drop into a receptacle provided for that purpose below. During the operation ofthe cutting of a nail the cutters will stand oblique to the feed-line'of the plate, and after one nail has been cut the cutterframe will oscillato and place the cutters in another oblique position, the direction of which relatively to the line of feed is the reverse of the first-mentioned oblique position. This oscillation is produced and'governed by the eccentric It on the main shaft L through the connecting-rod Q. In this manner the nails will be cut of the right taper and be fed bya simple forward feed motion.

Having thus fully described my improved machine for cutting and heading nails, what.

Iclaim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, in a machine for cutting and heading nails, of a pair of cutters having al1-oscillating motion about an axis perpendicular, or nearly so, with their cutting-edges, a direct forward-feeding device, and a pair of reciprocating headers, the whole operating substantially as herein specified.

2. Two or more pairs of jaws attached to one revolving shatt of a nail cutting and heading machine, when constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as and for the purpose herein specified. v v

3. The revolving and reciprocating headers, applied and operating, in combination with the revolving clamps and oscillating cutters, substantially as herein described.

JACOB RUSSELL. Witnesses:

HENRY T. BROWN, J. W. CooMBs. 

